Neonatal hypoglycemia is a low incidence of blood sugar (glucose) in the first few days after birth. Babies need sugar (glucose) for energy. Most of the glucose used by the brain.
Developing baby get glucose from the mother through the placenta. After birth, babies get glucose to produce in the liver and from food.
Glucose levels can be reduced if:
# Too many hormones, insulin (hyperinsulinism).
# Insulin glucose from the blood into cells to be used for energy.
# Not enough glycogen, the form of glucose stored in the body.
# Babies are not enough to produce glucose.
Symptoms
Infants with hypoglycemia may not have symptoms sprsifik. But in general include:
# bluish skin (cyanosis)
# Problems breathing
# Decrease in muscle tone (hypotonia)
# Snorts
# Irritability
# Lethargy
# Nausea and vomiting
# Pale
# Pause in breathing (apnea)
# Lack of appetite
# Sweating
# Tremor
# Seizures
Treatment
Infants with hypoglycemia may have to accept:
Breast milk or formula feeding within the first few hours after birth, either by mouth or through tubes inserted through the nose into the stomach (nasogastric gavage). Eat with sugar solution through a vein (intravenous) or by mouth. Treatment usually continues for a week.
If low blood sugar continues, the baby may also receive medication to increase blood glucose levels (diazoxide) or to reduce the production of insulin (ocreotide).
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